He aha te rauemi o te tātari HEPA?

Ngā Tukanga Hanga o ngā Pāpāho Tātari HEPA

Te mahi aPāpāho tātari HEPAkāore i te whakawhirinaki noa ki te hanganga o ōna rauemi engari ki ngā tukanga hangahanga hoki e whakamahia ana hei hanga i te hanganga muka. Anei ngā tukanga matua e whai wāhi ana:

1. Te Pupuhi Rewa (Pāpāho Pūmua)

Ko te pupuhi whakarewa te tikanga matua mō te whakaputa i ngā rauemi HEPA polymeric. I roto i tēnei tukanga, ka rewahia ngā pire polymer (hei tauira, te polypropylene) ka tukuna mā roto i ngā pūwero iti. Kātahi ka pupuhihia te hau wera tere-teitei ki runga i ngā awa polymer rewa, ka totorohia hei muka tino-kikokore (ko te nuinga he 1–5 micrometer te whānui) ka whakatakotoria ki runga i te whitiki kawe neke. I te whakamatao o ngā muka, ka honoa matapōkeretia rātou hei hanga i tētahi tukutuku kore-whatu me te hanganga porous, toru-ahu. Ka taea te whakarite i te rahi o ngā pūwero me te mātotoru o te muka mā te whakahaere i te tere o te hau, te pāmahana polymer, me te tere o te whakaputa, e āhei ai ngā kaihanga ki te whakarite i ngā rauemi mō ngā whakaritenga whai hua me te rere o te hau. He iti te utu o ngā rauemi rewa, ā, he whānui hoki, koia te whiringa tino noa mō ngā tātari HEPA i hangaia papatipu.

2. Te hurihuri hiko (Nanofiber Media)

Ko te electrospinning he tukanga matatau ake e whakamahia ana hei hanga i ngā muka polymeric tino pai (ngā nanofibers, me ngā diameter mai i te 10 ki te 100 nanometer). I roto i tēnei tikanga, ka utaina he otinga polymer ki roto i tētahi syringe me te ngira iti, e hono ana ki tētahi pūtake hiko ngaohiko teitei. Ina whakamahia te ngaohiko, ka hangaia he mara hiko i waenganui i te ngira me te kaikohi whenua. Ka tangohia te otinga polymer mai i te ngira hei pupuhi pai, e totoro ana, e maroke ana i te hau hei hanga i ngā nanofibers ka kohia ki runga i te kaikohi hei whāriki angiangi, porous. He tino pai te tātari o ngā pāpāho nanofiber HEPA nā te mea ka hangaia e ngā muka iti he whatunga kikī o ngā pores ka taea te hopu i ngā matūriki tino pai. Hei tāpiri, ka whakaitihia e te diameter muka iti te ātete hau, ka hua ake he iti ake te hekenga pēhanga me te pai ake o te pūngao. Heoi, he nui ake te wā me te utu o te electrospinning i te meltblowing, nō reira ka whakamahia nuitia i roto i ngā tono mahi-teitei pēnei i ngā taputapu hauora me ngā tātari rererangi.

3. Tukanga Whakatakotoria-Makuku (Papapāho muka karāhe)

Ko te tikanga, ka hangaia ngā rauemi HEPA muka karāhe mā te whakamahi i te tukanga whakatakoto-mākū, he rite ki te hanga pepa. Tuatahi, ka tapatapahia ngā muka karāhe kia poto (1–5 mirimita) ka konatunatua ki te wai me ngā tāpiringa matū (hei tauira, ngā mea here me ngā mea whakamarara) hei hanga i te paru. Kātahi ka papua te paru ki runga i te mata neke (he mata waea), ka mimiti te wai, ka waiho he whāriki muka karāhe kua whakaritea matapōkeretia. Ka whakamaroketia te whāriki, ka whakamahanahia hei whakahohe i te mea here, e hono ana i ngā muka kia hanga he hanganga pakari, he pūwero. Mā te tukanga whakatakoto-mākū ka taea te whakahaere tika i te tohatoha me te matotoru o te muka, kia rite ai te mahi tātari puta noa i te pāpāho. Heoi, he nui ake te kaha o tēnei tukanga i te pupuhi whakarewa, e whai wāhi ana ki te utu nui ake o ngā tātari HEPA muka karāhe.

Ngā Tohu Mahi Matua o te Pāpāho Tātari HEPA

Hei aromatawai i te whai huatanga o ngā pāpāho tātari HEPA, e whakamahia ana ētahi tohu mahi matua (KPI):

1. Te Whai Hua o te Tātari

Ko te whai huatanga o te tātari te KPI tino nui, e ine ana i te ōrau o ngā matūriki kua mau i te pāpāho. E ai ki ngā paerewa o te ao, me eke te pāpāho HEPA pono ki te whai huatanga iti rawa o te 99.97% mō ngā matūriki 0.3 µm (e kiia ana ko te "rahi matūriki tino uru" MPPS rānei). Ka taea e ngā pāpāho HEPA kounga teitei ake (hei tauira, HEPA H13, H14 i runga i te EN 1822) te whakatutuki i te whai huatanga o te 99.95% teitei ake rānei mō ngā matūriki he iti ki te 0.1 µm. Ka whakamatautauria te whai huatanga mā te whakamahi i ngā tikanga pēnei i te whakamātautau dioctyl phthalate (DOP) me te whakamātautau poroporo polystyrene latex (PSL) rānei, e ine ana i te kukū o ngā matūriki i mua me muri i te haerenga i roto i te pāpāho.

2. Te Hekenga Pēhanga

Ko te hekenga pēhanga e pā ana ki te ātete ki te rere o te hau e puta mai ana i ngā tātari. He mea hiahia kia iti ake te hekenga pēhanga nā te mea ka whakaiti i te whakapaunga pūngao (mō ngā pūnaha HVAC, mō ngā taputapu horoi hau rānei) ā, ka whakapai ake i te manawa (mō ngā taputapu manawa). Ko te hekenga pēhanga o ngā HEPA media e whakawhirinaki ana ki tōna matotoru muka, te matotoru, me te rahi o ngā pūwero: ko ngā media kikī me ngā pūwero iti ake he nui ake te whai hua engari he nui ake te hekenga pēhanga. Ka whakatauritehia e ngā kaihanga ēnei āhuatanga hei hanga media e tuku ana i te whai huatanga teitei me te hekenga pēhanga iti—hei tauira, te whakamahi i ngā muka kua utaina hiko hei whakarei ake i te whai huatanga me te kore e whakanui ake i te matotoru muka.

3. Te Pūmautanga o te Puehu (DHC)

Ko te kaha pupuri puehu te nui rawa o ngā matūriki ka taea e te pāpāho te hopu i mua i te hekenga o te pēhanga ki runga ake i te rohe kua tohua (250–500 Pa te nuinga) i mua rānei i te hekenga o tōna pai ki raro iho i te taumata e hiahiatia ana. Ko te tikanga o te DHC teitei ake he roa ake te ora o te tātari, ka whakaiti i ngā utu whakakapinga me te auau tiaki. Ko te tikanga he nui ake te DHC o te pāpāho muka karāhe i te pāpāho polymeric nā te mea he pakari ake te hanganga me te nui ake o te rōrahi o ngā pore, he pai mō ngā taiao puehu nui pēnei i ngā whare ahumahi.

4. Ātete Matū me te Pāmahana

Mō ngā tono motuhake, he mea nui ngā KPI mō te ātete matū me te pāmahana. Ka taea e ngā rauemi muka karāhe te tu atu ki ngā pāmahana tae atu ki te 250°C, ā, he ātete hoki ki te nuinga o ngā waikawa me ngā kawakore, he mea tino pai mō te whakamahi i roto i ngā whare tahunga, i ngā whare tukatuka matū rānei. He tino ātete matū ngā rauemi polymeric PTFE, ā, ka taea te mahi i roto i ngā pāmahana tae atu ki te 200°C, ko ngā rauemi polypropylene ia he iti ake te ātete wera (te pāmahana whakahaere mōrahi o te ~80°C) engari he pai te ātete ki ngā hinu me ngā whakarewa waro.

Ngā Whakamahinga o ngā Pāpāho Tātari HEPA

E whakamahia ana ngā tātari HEPA i roto i te whānuitanga o ngā mahi puta noa i ngā ahumahi, nā te hiahia mō te hau ma me ngā taiao kore-matūriki:

1. Hauora me te Hauora

I roto i ngā hōhipera, ngā whare hauora, me ngā whare hanga rongoā, he mea nui te tātari HEPA hei ārai i te horapa o ngā mate urutā e rere ana i te rangi (hei tauira, ngā huakita, ngā huaketo, me ngā pua pokepokea ai). Ka whakamahia i roto i ngā rūma pokanga, ngā wāhanga tiaki nui (ICU), ngā rūma horoi mō te hanga rongoā, me ngā taputapu hauora pēnei i ngā mīhini manawa me ngā taputapu manawa. Ko ngā rauemi HEPA muka karāhe me te muka PTFE te mea e pai ake ana ki konei nā te mea he tino pai te mahi, he ātete matū, me te kaha ki te tu atu ki ngā tukanga whakahoromata (hei tauira, te autoclaving).

2. HVAC me te Kounga Hau o te Whare

Ka whakamahia e ngā pūnaha whakamahana, whakapūhautanga, me te hauhautanga (HVAC) i roto i ngā whare arumoni, ngā pokapū raraunga, me ngā whare noho ngā tātari HEPA hei whakapai ake i te kounga o te hau o roto (IAQ). He mea noa te whakamahi i ngā tātari HEPA polymeric i roto i ngā pūngao hau kāinga me ngā tātari HVAC nā te iti o te utu me te pai o te pūngao, ko ngā tātari muka karāhe ia e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā pūnaha HVAC arumoni nui mō ngā taiao puehu nui.

3. Ahumahi me te Hanga

I roto i ngā taiao ahumahi pēnei i te hanga haurua-haurua, te hanga hikohiko, me te huihuinga motuka, ka whakamahia ngā pāpāho tātari HEPA hei tiaki i ngā rūma ma me te iti rawa o te maha o ngā matūriki (e inehia ana i roto i ngā matūriki mō ia putu kūpiko). Me whakamahi ēnei tono i ngā pāpāho HEPA kounga teitei (hei tauira, H14) hei ārai i te poke o ngā wāhanga tairongo. Ko te muka karāhe me ngā pāpāho hiato te mea e pai ake ana ki konei mō tō rātou whai huatanga me te roa.

4. Ngā Hua Kaihoko

Kei te piki haere te whakamahinga o ngā tātari HEPA i roto i ngā hua kaihoko pēnei i ngā kaihoroi hau, ngā kaihoroi hau, me ngā kopare kanohi. Ko te rauemi whakarewa polymeric te rauemi matua o ngā respirator N95/KN95, i noho hei mea nui i te wā o te mate urutā COVID-19 hei tiaki i ngā huaketo rererangi. I roto i ngā kaihoroi hau, ka āraihia e ngā rauemi HEPA te puehu pai me ngā mate pāwera kia hoki ki te rangi, ka whakapai ake i te kounga o te hau o roto.

Ngā Auahatanga o Ngā Rauemi Pāpāho Tātari HEPA ā-Mārama

I te tipu haere o te hiahia mō te hau ma, me te ahu whakamua o te hangarau, he maha ngā au e hanga ana i te heke mai o ngā rauemi tātari HEPA:

1. Hangarau Nanofiber

Ko te whanaketanga o ngā pāpāho HEPA e ahu mai ana i te muka nano tetahi ia o ngā āhuatanga matua, nā te mea he nui ake te whai huatanga me te iti iho o te hekenga pēhanga o ēnei muka tino pai i ngā pāpāho tuku iho. Nā ngā whanaketanga o ngā tikanga hiko-hurihuri me te pupuhi whakarewa kei te whakaiti ake i te utu o ngā pāpāho muka nano, e whakawhānui ake ana i tōna whakamahinga i roto i ngā tono kaihoko me ngā tono ahumahi. Kei te tūhuratia hoki e ngā kairangahau te whakamahinga o ngā pūmua pirau-koiora (hei tauira, te waikawa polylactic, PLA) mō ngā pāpāho muka nano hei aro atu ki ngā āwangawanga taiao mō ngā para kirihou.

2. Whakarei ake i te hikohiko

Kei te whanake haere ngā tātari hiko, e whakawhirinaki ana ki te utu hiko hei hopu i ngā matūriki. Kei te whakawhanake ngā kaihanga i ngā tikanga utu hou (hei tauira, te tukunga korona, te utu triboelectric) e whakapai ake ana i te roa o te utu hiko, e whakarite ana i te mahi pumau puta noa i te roanga o te ora o te tātari. Ka whakaitihia e tēnei te hiahia mō te whakakapinga tātari auau, ā, ka whakaitihia te whakapaunga pūngao.

3. Pāpāho Maha-mahi

Ka hangaia ngā pāpāho tātari HEPA ā muri ake nei hei mahi i ngā mahi maha, pērā i te hopu i ngā matūriki, te tango i ngā haunga, me te whakakore i ngā hau. Ka tutukihia tēnei mā te whakauru i te waro whakahohe, ngā rauemi whakaahua-whakakorikori (hei tauira, te hauhā titanium), me ngā kaihoko patu huakita ki roto i ngā pāpāho. Hei tauira, ka taea e ngā pāpāho HEPA patu huakita te aukati i te tipu o ngā huakita me te harore i runga i te mata o te tātari, ka whakaiti i te tūponotanga o te poke tuarua.

4. Ngā Rauemi Tauwhiro

I te tipu haere o te mōhiotanga ki te taiao, kei te akiakihia ngā rauemi tātari HEPA e mau tonu ana te oranga. Kei te tūhuratia e ngā kaihanga ngā rauemi whakahou (hei tauira, ngā pūmua tipu) me ngā rauemi hangarua hei whakaiti i te pānga ki te taiao o ngā tātari whakakorekore. Hei tāpiri, kei te whakapau kaha ki te whakapai ake i te hangarua me te pirau o ngā pūmua pūmua o nāianei, me te aro atu ki te take o ngā para tātari i roto i ngā whenua ururua.

He rauemi motuhake te rauemi tātari HEPA i hangaia hei hopu i ngā matūriki iti o te rangi me te tino whai hua, he mea nui ki te tiaki i te hauora o te tangata me te pupuri i ngā taiao ma puta noa i ngā ahumahi. Mai i te muka karāhe tuku iho ki ngā muka nano polymeric matatau me ngā hanganga hiato, kua whakaritea te hanganga rauemi o te pāpāho HEPA kia tutuki ai ngā whakaritenga ahurei o ngā tono rerekē. Ko ngā tukanga hanga pēnei i te rewa, te hiko-hurihuri, me te whakatakoto-makuku ka whakatau i te hanganga o te pāpāho, ka awe i ngā tohu mahi matua pēnei i te whai hua o te tātari, te hekenga pēhanga, me te kaha pupuri puehu. I te whanaketanga o te hangarau, ko ngā au pēnei i te hangarau nanofiber, te whakarei hiko-pūmau, te hoahoa maha-mahi, me te pumau kei te akiaki i te auahatanga i roto i ngā pāpāho tātari HEPA, kia pai ake ai, kia whai hua ai, kia pai ai te utu, kia pai ai hoki te taiao. Ahakoa i roto i te hauora, te hanga ahumahi, ngā hua kaihoko rānei, ka noho tonu ngā pāpāho tātari HEPA hei taputapu nui hei whakarite i te hau ma me te heke mai hauora.